When scientists unveil a new species, it often feels like a delightful surprise, especially when that species is a magnificent manta ray—an exciting addition to our understanding of marine life! This remarkable find marks the discovery of the third known species of manta ray in the world, highlighting the ongoing wonders our planet has to offer.

These gentle giants belong to the suborder Elasmobranchii, which includes sharks, rays, and skates. The manta ray family was previously thought to consist of just two species: the giant oceanic manta (Mobula birostris) and the reef manta (Mobula alfredi). However, the universe had more in store for us, thanks to the dedicated work of Dr. Andrea Marshall, a leading expert in manta rays.

Dr. Marshall has devoted over a decade to studying and photographing these extraordinary creatures. Her groundbreaking research in 2009 led to the first distinction between the giant and reef mantas, as they were once considered the same species. During her extensive research, she predicted the existence of a potential third species, and her keen observations have allowed her to differentiate between the two known species with remarkable ease.

While diving in the warm waters of Mexico, Dr. Marshall encountered a manta ray that didn’t match either of the two known species. This exciting moment confirmed her long-held prediction, and she was motivated to provide evidence for this new discovery. "It had taken me six years to differentiate the first two species, and I knew them inside out at this stage: this manta didn’t look like either of them," she stated, sharing her thrill of the moment.

The newly identified species, Mobula yarae, takes its name from a captivating figure in Brazilian mythology—a mermaid-like creature. It has the potential to grow as large as 16-20 feet, similar to its larger relatives, although so far, only juvenile specimens have been observed.

Between 2010 and 2017, Dr. Marshall meticulously examined still images to identify the differences between this enigmatic third manta and the two she was already familiar with. The moment of confirmation arrived when a deceased specimen washed ashore, and genetic testing validated the existence of this new species.

In a study published in the journal Environmental Biology of Fishes, Dr. Marshall and her co-authors shared photographs highlighting the distinct features of Mobula yarae, including its unique grey wing tips and a pronounced ‘V’ shape on its shoulders. These characteristics, along with specific underbelly markings, set it apart from the other two species.

The discovery of M. yarae offers an exceptional opportunity for scientists to witness evolution in action. As one of the most recently evolved lineages of sharks and rays, manta rays give us a glimpse into the ongoing process of speciation. "We’re probably still watching speciation occur!" exclaimed study co-author Jessica Pate. "This species has very recently evolved from the giant manta—it’s rare to see a new species like this, and even rarer to watch the process behind it."

This recent divergence adds immense value to our understanding of how large marine species adapt and evolve. The M. yarae serves as a testament to the dynamic nature of biodiversity in our oceans, and Dr. Marshall’s inspiring story is a reminder that the wonders of discovery are far from over. “Kids often ask me if, in this day and age, there is really anything left to discover,” she shared on Instagram. “I always laugh and end up telling my story, because I am living proof that there is.”

This incredible journey highlights the importance of curiosity and open-mindedness in the pursuit of knowledge. The world is still full of surprises, and as we continue to explore, we uncover the beauty and intricacies of life that enrich our understanding of the planet we share.